2 Albums and Images of the Burschenschaft, 1850 onwards

Early and rare images of students, mostly with the name noted on reverse: 1) Daguerreotype in an 8 x 9.5 cm case decorated with symbols of freedom. – 2) Ferrotype in 6 x 7 cm case. – 3) Album, 20 x 23.5 cm, with 21 plates for cabinet photographs, with 24 photographs. – 4) Red leather album, 20 x 34 cm, with dedication from 1903, with 14 plates, each intended for two cartes de visite and a cabinet card, almost completely filled. – And: 5) Collection of 48 cartes de visite and a 13.5 x 22 cm photograph of a parade, with detailed hand-tinted hats. – Note: The Burschenschaft (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burschenschaft) were formed in the course of the wars of liberation c. 1815 and campaigned for reforms at universities and in the state. They were against the bullying of younger students and set strict rules against the custom of dueling. They were often banned because of their overly democratic tendencies, and even National Socialism failed in its efforts to bring them into line. – Rare image material on political freedom of expression.

布雷克拍品等级是为了方便竞买人判断拍卖品的成色而设置的。布雷克等级用1到6级来标注外观和功能的成色，(从非常好到非常差)。 在目录图册里用括号里的2个数字来表示，前一个数字表示外观成色的级别，后一个数字表示功能成色的级别。如(3/2)表示外观成色是3(满意的)，功能成色2(好)。 成色 定义参照下列标准： 1 - 非常好 (未使用过，没有使用痕迹) 2 - 好 (新，极少的使用痕迹) 3 - 满意的 (普通的使用痕迹) 4 - 及格的 (明显的使用痕迹，某个非主要部件是后配的) 5 - 有缺陷的 (极明显的使用痕迹, 某个主要部件是后配的，功能上有缺陷，需要修理) 6 - 非常差 (严重破损, 缺少重要部件)