Liquid Lens by Watson & Sons, c. 1880

W. Watson & Sons, 313 High Holburn, London. This special lens had to be filled with distilled water. Height (with bench way lens standard in minimum position) approx. 34 cm. Diameter front lens approx. 115 mm, diameter rear lens approx. 35 mm, iris diaphragm behind the rear lens. The most well-known liquid filled lens, the so-called "Liquid Panoramic Lens" by Thomas Sutton (1859) was filled with two absolute symmetric lenses. Earlier (1852) it was Frederick Scott Archer, who constructed the so-called "Liquid Lens", consisting of two meniscus lenses and filled with diluted acid. This lens is also consisting of two lenses, from which the bigger one shows nearly 4 times the diameter of the smaller one.

布雷克拍品等级是为了方便竞买人判断拍卖品的成色而设置的。布雷克等级用1到6级来标注外观和功能的成色，(从非常好到非常差)。 在目录图册里用括号里的2个数字来表示，前一个数字表示外观成色的级别，后一个数字表示功能成色的级别。如(3/2)表示外观成色是3(满意的)，功能成色2(好)。 成色 定义参照下列标准： 1 - 非常好 (未使用过，没有使用痕迹) 2 - 好 (新，极少的使用痕迹) 3 - 满意的 (普通的使用痕迹) 4 - 及格的 (明显的使用痕迹，某个非主要部件是后配的) 5 - 有缺陷的 (极明显的使用痕迹, 某个主要部件是后配的，功能上有缺陷，需要修理) 6 - 非常差 (严重破损, 缺少重要部件)